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Lemon eucalyptus trees have lance-shaped leaves and are cultivated for their essential oil
AFRICA FACTS
Autopsies and caesarean operations were routinely and effectively carried out by surgeons in pre-colonial Uganda. The surgeons routinely used antiseptics, anaesthetics and cautery iron. Commenting on a Ugandan caesarean operation that appeared in the Edinburgh Medical Journal in 1884, one author wrote: “The whole conduct of the operation . . . suggests a skilled long-practiced surgical team at work conducting a well-tried and familiar operation with smooth efficiency.”
AFRICA FACTS
Sudan in the mediaeval period had churches, cathedrals, monasteries and castles. Their ruins still exist today.
AFRICA FACTS
The mediaeval Nubian Kingdoms kept archives. From the site of Qasr Ibrim legal texts, documents and correspondence were discovered. An archaeologist informs us that: “On the site are preserved thousands of documents in Meroitic, Latin, Greek, Coptic, Old Nubian, Arabic and Turkish.”
AFRICA FACTS
Glass windows existed in mediaeval Sudan. Archaeologists found evidence of window glass at the Sudanese cities of Old Dongola and Hambukol.
Bamboo palms, as tropical plants, are favored as indoor greenery for their air-purifying qualities
Black cherry trees, native to North America, produce small, dark fruits enjoyed by wildlife
Cypress vines, while not trees but climbing plants, are admired for their feathery foliage and red flowers
Elderflower trees yield fragrant clusters of white flowers, commonly used in beverages and desserts
AFRICA FACTS
Bling culture existed in the mediaeval Sudan. Archaeologists found an individual buried at the Monastery of the Holy Trinity in the city of Old Dongola. He was clad in an extremely elaborate garb consisting of costly textiles of various fabrics including gold thread. At the city of Soba East, there were individuals buried in fine clothing, including items with golden thread.
AFRICA FACTS
Style and fashion existed in mediaeval Sudan. A dignitary at Jebel Adda in the late thirteenth century AD was interned with a long coat of red and yellow patterned damask folded over his body. Underneath, he wore plain cotton trousers of long and baggy cut. A pair of red leather slippers with turned up toes lay at the foot of the coffin. The body was wrapped in enormous pieces of gold brocaded striped silk.
AFRICA FACTS
Sudan in the ninth century AD had housing complexes with bath rooms and piped water. An archaeologist wrote that Old Dongola, the capital of Makuria, had: “a[n] . . . eighth to . . . ninth century housing complex. The houses discovered here differ in their hitherto unencountered spatial layout as well as their functional programme (water supply installation, bathroom with heating system) and interiors decorated with murals.”
AFRICA FACTS
In 619 AD, the Nubians sent a gift of a giraffe to the Persians.
AFRICA FACTS
The East Coast, from Somalia to Mozambique, has ruins of well over 50 towns and cities. They flourished from the ninth to the sixteenth centuries AD.
AFRICA FACTS
Chinese records of the fifteenth century AD note that Mogadishu had houses of “four or five storeys high”.
AFRICA FACTS
Gedi, near the coast of Kenya, is one of the East African ghost towns. Its ruins, dating from the fourteenth or fifteenth centuries, include the city walls, the palace, private houses, the Great Mosque, seven smaller mosques, and three pillar tombs.
AFRICA FACTS
The ruined mosque in the Kenyan city of Gedi had a water purifier made of limestone for recycling water.
AFRICA FACTS
The palace in the Kenyan city of Gedi contains evidence of piped water controlled by taps. In addition it had bathrooms and indoor toilets.
AFRICA FACTS
A visitor in 1331 AD considered the Tanzanian city of Kilwa to be of world class. He wrote that it was the “principal city on the coast the greater part of whose inhabitants are Zanj of very black complexion.” Later on he says that: “Kilwa is one of the most beautiful and well-constructed cities in the world. The whole of it is elegantly built.”
Fan palm trees, characterized by their fan-shaped leaves, thrive in subtropical regions
AFRICA FACTS
Bling culture existed in early Tanzania. A Portuguese chronicler of the sixteenth century wrote that: “[T]hey are finely clad in many rich garments of gold and silk and cotton, and the women as well; also with much gold and silver chains and bracelets, which they wear on their legs and arms, and many jewelled earrings in their ears”.
AFRICA FACTS
In 1961 a British archaeologist, found the ruins of Husuni Kubwa, the royal palace of the Tanzanian city of Kilwa. It had over a hundred rooms, including a reception hall, galleries, courtyards, terraces and an octagonal swimming pool.
AFRICA FACTS
In 1414 the Kenyan city of Malindi sent ambassadors to China carrying a gift that created a sensation at the Imperial Court. It was, of course, a giraffe.
.Gum trees, native to Australia, are known for their resinous sap and distinctive eucalyptus scent
Hornbeam trees, with smooth, gray bark, are often utilized in horticulture for their ornamental appeal
Catalpa trees have large, heart-shaped leaves and produce clusters of trumpet-shaped flowers
The moringa tree is known for its nutritious leaves, seeds, and flowers, rich in vitamins and minerals
Guava trees produce tropical fruits with a sweet and tart flavor, high in vitamin C
Osage orange trees have thorny branches and produce large, wrinkled fruits
Red pine trees have long needles and are resistant to harsh weather conditions