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Comments
rsync
If you want make full image you can take server into rescue mode and then use something like clonezilla.
You can use Veeam Backup, with agents you can make a full backup or custom backups. After that you can restore files as a VM. You can even backup a dedicated server with it.
All kinds of possibilities - depending on what you want, what your knowledge is, if you want an online or offline backup, how many times you want to make a backup, etc etc.
If you really want to make a 1:1 copy/backup of everything and can do that offline: clonezilla is a logical choice; quite easy to use, and does a lot of things (scriptwise) what you otherwise should do yourself if you make a dd of a disk
If you want to do it online and have to do it regularly and want a full 1:1 backup, you could look into a "real" backup solution with agents. Veeam is called, but for a normal VPS without access to the host I'd think it's a bit overkill. There are other (open source) possibilities.
When you have to do it regularly I'd not want a 1:1 backup but only the things I've changed/added to the OS and the data. A good Linux administrator uses an organized filesystem and knows where his data is and where the configfiles are - basically everything you'd need to "rebuild" a VPS. Put everything into a script and e.g. rsync the files to backup to an external host and you're quite set. If you want to do it more fancy, take a look at BorgBackup. Also a good thing to do: create a list of all installed packages (including versions) in the same backup script and keep that in your backup too.
dd