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Fedora's IO limitations
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Fedora's IO limitations

I have been rebuilding my fedora servers to debian recently and noticed that my debian machines have significantly higher IO performance. At first I thought I was hallucinating but when I rebuilt my second machine, I am sure there is something strange is going on.
Here are the results from rebuilding @Spaceberg 's VPS

# ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
#              Yet-Another-Bench-Script              #
#                     v2023-04-23                    #
# https://github.com/masonr/yet-another-bench-script #
# ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #

Mon Aug  7 05:21:35 PM CEST 2023
100 44480  100 44480    0     0  61340      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 1561k

Basic System Information:
---------------------------------
Uptime     : 6 days, 4 hours, 56 minutes
Processor  : AMD EPYC 7402 24-Core Processor
CPU cores  : 4 @ 2794.750 MHz
AES-NI     : ✔ Enabled
VM-x/AMD-V : ✔ Enabled
RAM        : 7.7 GiB
Swap       : 0.0 KiB
Disk       : 2.0 TiB
Distro     : Fedora Linux 38 (Cloud Edition)
Kernel     : 6.2.9-300.fc38.x86_64
VM Type    : KVM
IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ✔ Online

fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50):
---------------------------------
Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 126.96 MB/s  (31.7k) | 119.20 MB/s   (1.8k)
Write      | 127.29 MB/s  (31.8k) | 119.82 MB/s   (1.8k)
Total      | 254.26 MB/s  (63.5k) | 239.03 MB/s   (3.7k)
           |                      |                     
Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 109.87 MB/s    (214) | 112.61 MB/s    (109)
Write      | 115.71 MB/s    (225) | 120.11 MB/s    (117)
Total      | 225.58 MB/s    (439) | 232.73 MB/s    (226)

# ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
#              Yet-Another-Bench-Script              #
#                     v2023-04-23                    #
# https://github.com/masonr/yet-another-bench-script #
# ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #

Mon Aug  7 05:28:33 PM CEST 2023
100 44480  100 44480    0     0   158k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  158k

Basic System Information:
---------------------------------
Uptime     : 0 days, 0 hours, 1 minutes
Processor  : AMD EPYC 7402 24-Core Processor
CPU cores  : 4 @ 2794.750 MHz
AES-NI     : ✔ Enabled
VM-x/AMD-V : ✔ Enabled
RAM        : 7.7 GiB
Swap       : 0.0 KiB
Disk       : 1023.9 GiB
Distro     : Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
Kernel     : 6.1.0-9-amd64
VM Type    : KVM
IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ✔ Online

IPv6 Network Information:
---------------------------------
ISP        : OVH SAS
ASN        : AS16276 OVH SAS
Host       : OVH
Location   : Strasbourg, Grand Est (GES)
Country    : France

fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50):
---------------------------------
Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 224.19 MB/s  (56.0k) | 3.28 GB/s    (51.3k)
Write      | 224.78 MB/s  (56.1k) | 3.30 GB/s    (51.6k)
Total      | 448.97 MB/s (112.2k) | 6.59 GB/s   (103.0k)
           |                      |                     
Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 14.91 GB/s   (29.1k) | 15.61 GB/s   (15.2k)
Write      | 15.70 GB/s   (30.6k) | 16.65 GB/s   (16.2k)
Total      | 30.61 GB/s   (59.7k) | 32.26 GB/s   (31.5k)

The previous machine that I rebuilt was from @crunchbits which I did not have the comparison IO results but it showed significant IO performance differences.
Anyone have any thoughts about what happened here?

Comments

  • Doesn't look like the same disk.
    Fedora: Disk : 2.0 TiB - I assume it's an HDD slice?
    Debian: Disk : 1023.9 GiB - must be an NVMe?

  • amarcamarc Veteran

    Also, why would you use 6-months support distro on server ? 😕

  • rjblrjbl Member
    edited August 2023

    I tested it out on Hetzner. I guess it is not an OS problem.

    # ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
    #              Yet-Another-Bench-Script              #
    #                     v2023-04-23                    #
    # https://github.com/masonr/yet-another-bench-script #
    # ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
    
    100 44480  100 44480    0     0   135k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  135k
    Mon Aug  7 04:02:20 PM UTC 2023
    
    Basic System Information:
    ---------------------------------
    Uptime     : 0 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes
    Processor  : AMD EPYC Processor
    CPU cores  : 2 @ 2445.404 MHz
    AES-NI     : ✔ Enabled
    VM-x/AMD-V : ❌ Disabled
    RAM        : 1.9 GiB
    Swap       : 0.0 KiB
    Disk       : 37.5 GiB
    Distro     : Fedora Linux 38 (Thirty Eight)
    Kernel     : 6.3.6-200.fc38.x86_64
    VM Type    : KVM
    IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ✔ Online
    
    IPv6 Network Information:
    ---------------------------------
    ISP        : Hetzner Online GmbH
    ASN        : AS212317 Hetzner Online GmbH
    Host       : Hetzner
    Location   : Ashburn, Virginia (VA)
    Country    : United States
    
    fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50):
    ---------------------------------
    Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
      ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
    Read       | 182.90 MB/s  (45.7k) | 1.49 GB/s    (23.3k)
    Write      | 183.38 MB/s  (45.8k) | 1.50 GB/s    (23.4k)
    Total      | 366.28 MB/s  (91.5k) | 2.99 GB/s    (46.7k)
               |                      |                     
    Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
      ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
    Read       | 3.03 GB/s     (5.9k) | 3.77 GB/s     (3.6k)
    Write      | 3.19 GB/s     (6.2k) | 4.02 GB/s     (3.9k)
    Total      | 6.23 GB/s    (12.1k) | 7.79 GB/s     (7.6k)
    
    # ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
    #              Yet-Another-Bench-Script              #
    #                     v2023-04-23                    #
    # https://github.com/masonr/yet-another-bench-script #
    100 44480  # ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
    1
    00 44480    0     0   212k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  212k
    Mon Aug  7 04:05:18 PM UTC 2023
    
    Basic System Information:
    ---------------------------------
    Uptime     : 0 days, 0 hours, 1 minutes
    Processor  : AMD EPYC Processor
    CPU cores  : 2 @ 2445.404 MHz
    AES-NI     : ✔ Enabled
    VM-x/AMD-V : ❌ Disabled
    RAM        : 1.9 GiB
    Swap       : 0.0 KiB
    Disk       : 37.5 GiB
    Distro     : Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
    Kernel     : 6.1.0-10-amd64
    VM Type    : KVM
    IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ✔ Online
    
    IPv6 Network Information:
    ---------------------------------
    ISP        : Hetzner Online GmbH
    ASN        : AS212317 Hetzner Online GmbH
    Host       : Hetzner
    Location   : Ashburn, Virginia (VA)
    Country    : United States
    
    fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50):
    ---------------------------------
    Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
      ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
    Read       | 175.18 MB/s  (43.7k) | 1.72 GB/s    (26.8k)
    Write      | 175.65 MB/s  (43.9k) | 1.73 GB/s    (27.0k)
    Total      | 350.84 MB/s  (87.7k) | 3.45 GB/s    (53.9k)
               |                      |                     
    Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
      ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
    Read       | 3.58 GB/s     (7.0k) | 3.88 GB/s     (3.7k)
    Write      | 3.77 GB/s     (7.3k) | 4.13 GB/s     (4.0k)
    Total      | 7.35 GB/s    (14.3k) | 8.01 GB/s     (7.8k)
    
  • rjblrjbl Member

    @amarc said:
    Also, why would you use 6-months support distro on server ? 😕

    its a testing machine

  • Could be btrfs(Fedora) vs ext4 (Debian) ?

  • I think fedora defaults to btrfs, btrfs and ext4 have very different IOPS on the same disk

  • It is due to Debian's I/O scheduler.

  • rjblrjbl Member

    @itsnotv said:
    I think fedora defaults to btrfs, btrfs and ext4 have very different IOPS on the same disk

    The disks have btrfs (fedora) and xfs (debian). I guess you are right.

  • @rjbl said:

    @itsnotv said:
    I think fedora defaults to btrfs, btrfs and ext4 have very different IOPS on the same disk

    The disks have btrfs (fedora) and xfs (debian). I guess you are right.

    Better test would be to test on them both using the same filesystem.

    Thanked by 1rjbl
  • Fodora is using BFQ, and Debian is using Deadline. BFQ is good for rotating drives, not for solid state drives

    Thanked by 1rjbl
  • rjblrjbl Member

    I don't think you can choose the filesystem from the build templates though.

    CentOS 9 Stream (XFS)

    ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
    #              Yet-Another-Bench-Script              #
    #                     v2023-04-23                    #
    # https://github.com/masonr/yet-another-bench-script #
    # ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
    
    Mon Aug  7 22:18:01 CEST 2023
    100 44480  100 44480    0     0  82523      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  264k
    
    Basic System Information:
    ---------------------------------
    Uptime     : 0 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes
    Processor  : AMD EPYC 7402 24-Core Processor
    CPU cores  : 4 @ 2794.750 MHz
    AES-NI     : ✔ Enabled
    VM-x/AMD-V : ✔ Enabled
    RAM        : 7.7 GiB
    Swap       : 0.0 KiB
    Disk       : 1023.9 GiB
    Distro     : CentOS Stream 9
    Kernel     : 5.14.0-307.el9.x86_64
    VM Type    : KVM
    IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ✔ Online
    
    IPv6 Network Information:
    ---------------------------------
    ISP        : OVH SAS
    ASN        : AS16276 OVH SAS
    Host       : OVH
    Location   : Strasbourg, Grand Est (GES)
    Country    : France
    
    fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50):
    ---------------------------------
    Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
      ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ----
    Read       | 237.59 MB/s  (59.3k) | 3.63 GB/s    (56.8k)
    Write      | 238.22 MB/s  (59.5k) | 3.65 GB/s    (57.1k)
    Total      | 475.81 MB/s (118.9k) | 7.29 GB/s   (113.9k)
               |                      |
    Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
      ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ----
    Read       | 15.02 GB/s   (29.3k) | 14.39 GB/s   (14.0k)
    Write      | 15.81 GB/s   (30.8k) | 15.35 GB/s   (14.9k)
    Total      | 30.84 GB/s   (60.2k) | 29.74 GB/s   (29.0k)
    

    Ubuntu 22.04 (EXT4)

    # ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
    #              Yet-Another-Bench-Script              #
    #                     v2023-04-23                    #
    # https://github.com/masonr/yet-another-bench-script #
    # ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
    
    Mon Aug  7 22:21:06 CEST 2023
    100 44480  100 44480    0     0   150k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  150k
    
    Basic System Information:
    ---------------------------------
    Uptime     : 0 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes
    Processor  : AMD EPYC 7402 24-Core Processor
    CPU cores  : 4 @ 2794.750 MHz
    AES-NI     : ✔ Enabled
    VM-x/AMD-V : ✔ Enabled
    RAM        : 7.7 GiB
    Swap       : 0.0 KiB
    Disk       : 992.4 GiB
    Distro     : Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
    Kernel     : 5.15.0-75-generic
    VM Type    : KVM
    IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ✔ Online
    
    IPv6 Network Information:
    ---------------------------------
    ISP        : OVH SAS
    ASN        : AS16276 OVH SAS
    Host       : OVH
    Location   : Strasbourg, Grand Est (GES)
    Country    : France
    
    fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50):
    ---------------------------------
    Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
      ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ----
    Read       | 207.98 MB/s  (51.9k) | 2.93 GB/s    (45.9k)
    Write      | 208.53 MB/s  (52.1k) | 2.95 GB/s    (46.1k)
    Total      | 416.51 MB/s (104.1k) | 5.89 GB/s    (92.0k)
               |                      |
    Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
      ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ----
    Read       | 12.61 GB/s   (24.6k) | 15.03 GB/s   (14.6k)
    Write      | 13.28 GB/s   (25.9k) | 16.03 GB/s   (15.6k)
    Total      | 25.89 GB/s   (50.5k) | 31.06 GB/s   (30.3k)
    

    From the tests I made it seems to be a BTRFS problem but we won't know for sure without swapping the filesystem in the same OS.

  • rjblrjbl Member

    I have confirmed it with Hetzner.

    [root@fedora-2gb-hil-2 ~]# blkid
    /dev/sda14: SEC_TYPE="msdos" UUID="6BFB-686F" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="EFI System Partition" PARTUUID="9c5834c5-ab43-4667-83ac-c82eca1bbbd4"
    /dev/sda1: UUID="feefa835-5b91-4ec8-8de2-46d87ba15bb7" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="b1623a68-31a1-4155-9699-7f62ce240642"
    /dev/sda15: PARTUUID="1a0b0cb3-1a17-4ddf-820b-0e9dfabc0bb7"
    
    # ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
    #              Yet-Another-Bench-Script              #
    #                     v2023-04-23                    #
    # https://github.com/masonr/yet-another-bench-script #
    # ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
    
    100 44480  100 44480    0     0   206k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  206k
    Mon Aug  7 08:58:53 PM UTC 2023
    
    Basic System Information:
    ---------------------------------
    Uptime     : 0 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes
    Processor  : AMD EPYC Processor
    CPU cores  : 2 @ 2445.404 MHz
    AES-NI     : ✔ Enabled
    VM-x/AMD-V : ❌ Disabled
    RAM        : 1.9 GiB
    Swap       : 0.0 KiB
    Disk       : 37.5 GiB
    Distro     : Fedora Linux 38 (Thirty Eight)
    Kernel     : 6.3.6-200.fc38.x86_64
    VM Type    : KVM
    IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ✔ Online
    
    IPv6 Network Information:
    ---------------------------------
    ISP        : Hetzner Online GmbH
    ASN        : AS212317 Hetzner Online GmbH
    Host       : Hetzner
    Location   : Ashburn, Virginia (VA)
    Country    : United States
    
    fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50):
    ---------------------------------
    Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
      ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ----
    Read       | 168.37 MB/s  (42.0k) | 1.64 GB/s    (25.7k)
    Write      | 168.81 MB/s  (42.2k) | 1.65 GB/s    (25.8k)
    Total      | 337.18 MB/s  (84.2k) | 3.30 GB/s    (51.5k)
               |                      |
    Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
      ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ----
    Read       | 3.35 GB/s     (6.5k) | 4.01 GB/s     (3.9k)
    Write      | 3.53 GB/s     (6.8k) | 4.28 GB/s     (4.1k)
    Total      | 6.88 GB/s    (13.4k) | 8.30 GB/s     (8.1k)
    
    
    root@ubuntu-2gb-hil-1:~# blkid
    /dev/sda15: UUID="6F23-251F" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="f21d8bf9-641e-4cac-9f33-bede5d281654"
    /dev/sda1: UUID="52775893-f9e7-4c69-bc2d-79501e7c2c01" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="20d938dc-7750-4be2-af99-e9eeeb733528"
    /dev/sda14: PARTUUID="ab6e6d03-d9d7-4d00-94d5-cad8e2f9718d"
    
    # ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
    #              Yet-Another-Bench-Script              #
    #                     v2023-04-23                    #
    # https://github.com/masonr/yet-another-bench-script #
    # ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
    
    Mon Aug  7 08:56:28 PM UTC 2023
    100 44480  100 44480    0     0   172k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  172k
    
    Basic System Information:
    ---------------------------------
    Uptime     : 0 days, 0 hours, 1 minutes
    Processor  : AMD EPYC Processor
    CPU cores  : 2 @ 2445.404 MHz
    AES-NI     : ✔ Enabled
    VM-x/AMD-V : ❌ Disabled
    RAM        : 1.9 GiB
    Swap       : 0.0 KiB
    Disk       : 37.5 GiB
    Distro     : Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
    Kernel     : 5.15.0-73-generic
    VM Type    : KVM
    IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ✔ Online
    
    IPv6 Network Information:
    ---------------------------------
    ISP        : Hetzner Online GmbH
    ASN        : AS212317 Hetzner Online GmbH
    Host       : Hetzner
    Location   : Ashburn, Virginia (VA)
    Country    : United States
    
    fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50):
    ---------------------------------
    Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
      ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ----
    Read       | 183.65 MB/s  (45.9k) | 1.76 GB/s    (27.5k)
    Write      | 184.13 MB/s  (46.0k) | 1.77 GB/s    (27.6k)
    Total      | 367.79 MB/s  (91.9k) | 3.53 GB/s    (55.2k)
               |                      |
    Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
      ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ----
    Read       | 3.04 GB/s     (5.9k) | 3.55 GB/s     (3.4k)
    Write      | 3.20 GB/s     (6.2k) | 3.79 GB/s     (3.7k)
    Total      | 6.25 GB/s    (12.2k) | 7.34 GB/s     (7.1k)
    
  • rjblrjbl Member

    Another yabs of fresh install

    ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
    #              Yet-Another-Bench-Script              #
    #                     v2023-04-23                    #
    # https://github.com/masonr/yet-another-bench-script #
    # ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #
    
    Mon Aug  7 11:04:44 PM CEST 2023
    100 44480  100 44480    0     0  87616      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  804k
    
    Basic System Information:
    ---------------------------------
    Uptime     : 0 days, 0 hours, 1 minutes
    Processor  : AMD EPYC 7402 24-Core Processor
    CPU cores  : 4 @ 2794.750 MHz
    AES-NI     : ✔ Enabled
    VM-x/AMD-V : ✔ Enabled
    RAM        : 7.7 GiB
    Swap       : 7.7 GiB
    Disk       : 2.0 TiB
    Distro     : Fedora Linux 38 (Cloud Edition)
    Kernel     : 6.2.9-300.fc38.x86_64
    VM Type    : KVM
    IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ✔ Online
    
    IPv6 Network Information:
    ---------------------------------
    ISP        : OVH SAS
    ASN        : AS16276 OVH SAS
    Host       : OVH
    Location   : Strasbourg, Grand Est (GES)
    Country    : France
    
    fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50):
    ---------------------------------
    Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
      ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ----
    Read       | 133.64 MB/s  (33.4k) | 222.35 MB/s   (3.4k)
    Write      | 134.00 MB/s  (33.5k) | 223.52 MB/s   (3.4k)
    Total      | 267.64 MB/s  (66.9k) | 445.87 MB/s   (6.9k)
               |                      |
    Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
      ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ----
    Read       | 190.70 MB/s    (372) | 186.54 MB/s    (182)
    Write      | 200.84 MB/s    (392) | 198.96 MB/s    (194)
    Total      | 391.55 MB/s    (764) | 385.50 MB/s    (376)
    
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